The first circuit, shown in the figure, generates a stepped signal whose frequency depends on the 4093 clock. The frequency, in this case, is divided by the number of steps that are the same width, given by the resistors of the voltage divider system. This circuit can be used in curve plotters, electronic musical instruments and in many other applications. For the oscillator, the frequency is around 100 kHz, but can be changed at will, leaving the capacitor between 220 pF and 1 uF and the resistor typically 4k7 and 1M.
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